1.制作实体芯从理论上讲，覆膜砂几乎可以生产所有类型，尤其是高精度铸件的实体芯。采用湿态覆膜砂时，可直接利用热芯盒设备和工装制芯，而无需对原有设备和工装做任何改变。采用干态覆膜砂时，由于其流动性好，需对芯盒的排气方式、射嘴及芯盒密封进行特殊处理。可利用安息角原理（覆膜砂的安息角约30o ） ，解决射砂后排气时覆膜砂进入射腔和不射砂时覆膜砂自动下落等问题。目前，采用干态覆膜砂热芯盒制芯工艺的厂家较多。
1. making solid cores, theoretically speaking, coated sand can produce almost all types, especially the solid core of high-precision castings. When wet coated sand is used, the hot core box equipment and tooling can be made directly without any changes to the original equipment and tooling. When dry sand coated sand is used, due to its good fluidity, the exhaust mode of the core box, the sealing of the nozzle and the core box need to be specially treated. The principle of the rest angle (the rest angle of the coated sand is about 30o) can be used to solve the problem of automatic falling out of the coated sand when the coated sand enters the cavity and does not fire. At present, there are many manufacturers of dry coated sand core boxes.
2.制作壳型用覆膜砂制作壳型，常见于浇注凸轮轴等轴类零件或刹车片等盘类零件及一些表面要求高的阀类零件等。其相关参数如下：砂铁比1：（1.5）～4；拔模斜度0.5°～1°等，壳型壁厚8～12mm。
2. the shell type made of film coated sand made of shell type is common in such parts as shafts of camshaft, such as shaft parts or brake discs, and some valve parts with high surface requirements. The relevant parameters are as follows: sand iron ratio 1: (1.5) to 4; draft angle 0.5 to 1 degrees, and shell thickness 8 ~ 12mm.
均匀的壳型壁厚可以减少覆膜砂用量，获得均匀的铸件组织。用覆膜砂制作壳型，可采用固定式射芯机或翻转式射芯机，前者可用干态覆膜砂或湿态覆膜砂，后者只能选用干态覆膜砂。
Uniform shell thickness can reduce the amount of coated sand and obtain uniform casting structure. Using film coated sand to make shell type, a fixed ejection machine or a flip core machine can be used, the former can be dry state coated sand or wet coated sand, the latter can only choose dry coated sand.
3.制作壳芯用覆膜砂制作壳芯通常采用摇摆式壳芯机（如K85、K87、K89等），通过射砂、结壳、提出余砂、固化、脱膜等环节完成制芯过程。
3. the shell core used in making shell core is usually made of swing shell core (such as K85, K87, K89, etc.), and the core process is completed by shooting sand, crusting, putting forward sand, curing and removing film.
为了确保壳芯的品质，除了要保证覆膜砂的品质之外，还必须根据每个砂芯的具体情况来选择合理的制芯工艺。芯盒温度 芯盒温度是影响壳层厚度的主要因素之一，一般控制在230-300℃，并根据下列原则选定：
In order to ensure the quality of the shell core, in addition to ensuring the quality of the coated sand, it is necessary to choose a reasonable core making process according to the specific conditions of each sand core. Core box temperature core box temperature is one of the main factors affecting shell thickness, generally controlled at 230-300 C, and selected according to the following principles:
①保证覆膜砂上的树脂软化及固化所需的足够热量；
1. Ensure enough heat for resin softening and curing on resin coated sand.
②保证形成需要的壳厚且壳芯表面不焦化；
Second, ensure the formation of the required shell thickness and the surface of the shell core is not coking.
③尽量缩短结壳及硬化时间，以提高生产率。射砂压力及时间 射砂压力应根据砂芯的形状及复杂程度而定，以能使芯砂紧密地 充填芯盒为宜。压力过高时，易使砂芯出现缩颈和跑砂现象；压力过低时，砂芯易出现疏松现象。射砂时间过长，易使已结壳的型壳滑移，造成结壳很薄；时间过短则砂芯不能成型。射砂压力一般为0.15～0.4MPa，射砂时间一般控制在3～10s。结壳时间 结壳时间的长短取决于砂芯壳厚，壳厚由砂芯在运输、组芯及浇注时的强度要求而定。在覆膜砂品质一定的前提下，壳层越厚强度越高。壳厚6～8mm时，结壳时间10～30s，壳厚10mm时，结壳时间20～65s。摇摆倒砂时间 壳芯机在结壳阶段结束后，将芯盒射砂口朝下，以45o 角的幅度左 右摇摆，倒掉未结壳的余砂。该段时间可根据砂芯外形复杂程度及射砂口的布置情况来确定，以倒净为宜，一般为5-10s。硬化时间 为了使砂壳充分硬化，砂芯应持续在加热的芯盒中硬化，硬化时间可根据壳厚及芯盒温度而定。时间过短，壳层未完全固化则强度低些；时间过长，砂芯表层易烧焦。一般控制在20-100s。
3. Shorten crusts and hardening time to increase productivity. The sand shooting pressure and time shooting pressure should be determined according to the shape and complexity of the sand core, so that the core sand can be tightly packed into the core box. When the pressure is too high, it is easy for the sand core to form necking and sand running phenomenon; when the pressure is too low, the sand core tends to loose. The long time of sand shooting makes it easy for the shell to slip and cause the shell to be very thin. When the time is too short, the sand core can not be formed. The sand injection pressure is generally 0.15 to 0.4MPa and the sand shooting time is generally controlled at 3 to 10s. The length of crusting time depends on the thickness of the core shell, and the thickness of the shell depends on the strength requirement of the sand core during transportation, core assembly and pouring. Under the premise of certain quality of coated sand, the thicker the shell is, the higher the strength is. When the shell thickness is between 6 and 8mm, the crusting time is 10 to 30s and the shell thickness is 10mm, and the crusting time is 20 to 65s. When the shell core stage is finished, the core box will shoot down to the bottom and swing at the amplitude of the 45o angle to empty the remaining sand. The period can be determined according to the complexity of the sand core and the layout of the sand discharge port, so that it is advisable to pour the net, generally 5-10S. In order to harden the sand shell, the sand core should be hardened continuously in the heated core box, and the hardening time can be determined according to the shell thickness and the temperature of the core box. When the time is too short, the shell is not completely solidified, but the strength is low. The general control is in the 20-100s.
